Common Traits of Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and Dyscalculia

Consistently low marks in subjects.

Frequent complaints from school about poor concentration, lack of responsiveness in class, distraction, and disturbing others.

Skipping words and sentences while writing and reading.

Frustration with writing and reading tasks.

Confusion with similar-looking letters and numbers, such as "b" and "d," "15" and "51," and mathematical symbols like "+," "-".

Difficulty distinguishing left from right.

Awkward pencil grip, frequent erasing, overwriting, and messy handwriting.

Trouble following directions.

Difficulty remembering stories after hearing them, indicating problems with storing, processing, and producing information

Below grade level in reading, spelling, writing, study, and language skills.

Reversals in reading and writing (e.g., reading 'saw' as 'was').

Difficulty in decision-making and organizational skills.

Problems with time concepts and mathematical concepts.

Slow work habits and poor eye-hand coordination.

Common Types of Learning Disabilities

Dyslexia

• Difficulty with reading
• Problems with reading, writing, spelling, speaking

Dyscalculia

• Difficulty with math
• Problems doing math problems, understanding time, using money

Dysgraphia

• Difficulty with writing
• Problems with handwriting, spelling, organizing ideas

Dyspraxia (Sensory Integration Disorder)

• Difficulty with fine motor skills
• Problems with hand-eye coordination, balance, manual dexterity

Dysphasia/Aphasia

• Difficulty with language
• Problems understanding spoken language, poor reading comprehension

Auditory Processing Disorder

• Difficulty hearing differences between sounds
• Problems with reading, comprehension, language

Visual Processing Disorder

• Difficulty interpreting visual information
• roblems with reading, math, maps, charts, symbols, pictures

Types of Learner

Everyone receives information about the world around us through our senses. Our primary senses include Taste (Gustatory), Smell (Olfactory), Touch (Tactile), Movement and Space (Kinesthetic), Hearing (Auditory), and Seeing (Visual). Each person is unique in the way they use these senses. Most of us fall into one of the following four styles of learning through our senses:

• Visual Learner
• Auditory Learner
• Tactile Learner
• Kinesthetic Learner

Accommodation in the public Exams

Nowadays, India's education boards, including STATE, CBSE, and ICSE, recognize specific learning disabilities such as Dyslexia and provide examination provisions on a case-by-case basis. The common provisions are listed below:

• Extra time to complete the exam
• Marking for content while overlooking spelling errors
• Overlooking grammatical errors
• Use of a calculator for Mathematics
• Dropping a second language
• Use of a scribe for writing the exam